hdh-heidegger

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Martin Heidegger The Question Concerning Technology

3. "We shall be questioning concerning technology" "The way is a way of thinking... all ways of thinking lead through language."

4. technology != the essence of technology

the essence of tree, that which pervades every tree, is not itself a tree that can be encountered among other trees.

technology is not neutral "everywhere we remain unfree and chained to technology"

"the essence of a thing is considered to be what that thing is" what is technology? -> the instrumental or anthropological definition: 1. a means to an end 2. a human activity

5. technology itself is a contrivance... an instrumentum

6. this definition is correct - it fixes upon something pertinent - but does not uncover the essence correct != true "only the true brings us into a free relationship with that which concerns us from out of its essence."

what is the instrumental? causality 4 causes: 1. material 2. form 3. end 4. effect

why are there just 4 causes? did they fall from heaven?

7-8. "we have become accustomed to representing cause as that which brings something about." to obtain results, effects the fourth cause then sets the standard for all causality 4 ways of being responsible: - silver and chaliceness and that which consecrates the chalice are co-responsible for the chalice the silversmith brings these things together (co-responsible) circumscribing gives bounds to a thing, from which the thing begins to be

10. bringing-forth arising something from out of itself 11-12 the 4 causes are at play in bringing-forth occasioning has to do with presencing bringing-forth brings out of concealment, something concealed is unconcealed ->is grounded in revealing (which has everything to do with the essence of technology) technology is no mere means it is a way of revealing 13, "whoever builds reveals what is to be brought forth according to the 4 modes of occasioning"

14 "the revealing that rules in modern technology is a challenging, which puts to nature the unreasonable demand that it supply energythat can be extracted and stored as such." storage, memory

16 "the revealing that rules throughout modern technology has the character of setting-upon, in the sense of a challenging-forth." ie. energy concealed is unlocked, transformed, stored, distributed, switched (ways f revealing)

17 "the standing-reserve ... designates nothing less than the way in which everything presences that is wrought upon by the challenging revealing" (reading this is like reading code, math. each word is a little algorithm that one must unfold in ones mind. presencing = ... revealing = ...)

-> is the standing-reserve related to storage of energy or is that too literal?

Hegel's definition of the machine as an autonomous tool but seen in terms of standing-reserve the machine is completely unautonomous for it has its standing only from ordering the orderable

18 man does the revealing but does not control it since man drives technology forward he takes part in ordering as a way of revealing but unconcealment is not human handiwork

20 framing and enframing Enframing means the gathering together of the setting upon which sets upon man ie. challenges him forth to reveal the real in the mode of ordering as standing reserve "Enframing means that way of revealing which holds sway in the essence of modern technology and which is itself nothing technological" the technological are parts, components (rods, pistons, etc.) the assembly of these parts is technological activity which responds to the challenge of Enframing but never comprises or brings about Enframing

23 causality is shrinking into a reporting - a reporting challenged forth - of standing-reserves link to heisenberg...


 * the essence of modern technology shows itself in in what we call Enframing**
 * but what is Enframing actually?**
 * it is the way the world reveals itself as standing-reserve**

"Enframing is the gathering together that belongs to that setting-upon which sets upon man and puts him in position to reveal the real, in the mode of ordering, as standing-reserve."
 * 24**

27 man on the precipice - the point where he himself will be taken as standing reserve [soylent green?] man today does not encounter his essence [did he ever?]

Enframing, as a destining banishes man into a kind of revealing which is an ordering

28 "What is dangerous is not technology. There is no demonry of technology, but rather there is the mystery of its essence. The essence of technology, as a destining of revealing is the danger."

"But where danger is, grows The saving power also."

33 "The question concerning technology is the question concerning the constellation in which revealing and concealing, in which the coming to the presence of truth comes to pass." "We look into the danger and see the growth of the saving power.

p 34 "There was once a time when it was not technology alone that bore the name techne. Once that revealing that brings forth truth into the splendor of radiant appearing was also called techne. Once there was a time when the bringing-forth of the true into the beautiful was called techne. And the poiesis of the fine arts also was called techne"

"The art were not derived from the artistic. Art works were not enjoyed aesthetically."

"Why did art bare the modest name techne? Because is was a revealing that brought forth and hither, and therefore belonged within poiesis."

"The poetical brings the true into the splendor of what Plato in Phaedrus calls to ekphanestaton, that which shines forth most clearly. The poetical thoroughly pervades every art, every revealing of coming to presence into the beautiful."

"Could it be that the fine arts are called to poetic revealing? Could it be that revealing lays claim to the arts most primally, as that they for their part must expressly foster the growth of the saving power, may awaken and found anew our look into that which grants and our trust in it?"

"Because the essence of technology is nothing technological, essential reflection upon technology and decisive confrontation with it must happen in a realm that is, on the one hand, akin to the essence of technology and, on the other, fundamentally different from it. Such a realm is art. But certainly only if reflection on art, for its part, does not shut its eyes to the constellation of truth after which we are questioning."

"//The closer we come to the danger, the more brightly do the ways into the saving power begin to shine and the more questioning we become. For questioning is the piety of thought."